{"id":40897,"date":"2024-04-26T11:00:41","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T09:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/?p=40897"},"modified":"2024-04-29T15:48:24","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T13:48:24","slug":"open-ports-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/blog\/various\/open-ports-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Easy Steps to List All Open Linux Ports"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"40897\" class=\"elementor elementor-40897\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c75bc426 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c75bc426\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;727622e&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a5aaf31\" data-id=\"5a5aaf31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dad8a6e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dad8a6e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you wanted to know what you need to do to list all of the <strong>open ports<\/strong> within your <strong>Linux<\/strong> environment you\u2019ve come to the right place. But first, let&#8217;s demystify the concept of ports and grasp why it&#8217;s crucial to maintain a comprehensive list of these access points.<\/p><p>In essence, a port serves as a gateway through which your operating system communicates with other devices or servers, facilitating the flow of network traffic. It&#8217;s like designated lanes on a busy highway, ensuring that each type of traffic reaches its intended destination without confusion.<\/p><p>When it comes to ports, two primary protocols reign supreme: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). These protocols dictate the rules of engagement for data transmission, each with its distinct range of port numbers. These port numbers are typically grouped into three main categories, serving as the backbone of network communication.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6db0640 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6db0640\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>Linux System Ports<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Also known as \u201cwell-known\u201d ports. These are port numbers from 0 to 1023 which are considered important for typical system use, commonly these ports are considered quite critical for ensuring ongoing communications services.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Linux User Ports<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Also know as \u201cregistered ports\u201d which range from 1024 to 49151. It is possible to send a request to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to request retention of one of these ports for your application.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Linux Private Ports <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Also known as \u201cdynamic ports\u201d range from 49152 to 65535. These ports are open for whatever use case you deem privately necessary and so are dynamic in nature \u2013 they are not fixed to specific applications.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d1c305a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d1c305a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Now, even though many ports have specific uses, it is important to keep an eye on ports which are \u201copen\u201d without the need for that port to be open. This is because ports that are unnecessarily left open can be a security risk \u2013 and also a sign that an intrusion is actively occurring.<\/p><p>Understanding which ports are open and \u201clistening\u201d for communications is therefore absolutely crucial to ensuring that you block efforts to break into your systems. Of course, some common ports need to be left open in order to facilitate ordinary internet communications. For example:<\/p><ul><li>FTP (the file transfer protocol) uses <strong>port 20<\/strong> for data transfers<\/li><li>Likewise, FTP uses <strong>port 21<\/strong> to issue commands and to control the FTP session<\/li><li><strong>Port 22<\/strong> is dedicated to SSH, or secure shell login<\/li><li>Telnet uses <strong>port 23<\/strong> to facilitate remote logins but this port entails unencrypted messaging which is not secure so it\u2019s not really recommended for use<\/li><li>E-mail routing via SMTP (the simple mail transfer protocol) is achieved on <strong>port 25<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Port 43 <\/strong>is dedicated to the WHOIS system which can check who owns a domain<\/li><li>The domain name service (DNS) makes use of <strong>port 53<\/strong><\/li><li>DHCP uses <strong>port 67<\/strong> as the server port, and <strong>port 68<\/strong> as the client port<\/li><li>HTTP, the hypertext transfer protocol, uses <strong>port 80<\/strong> to deliver web pages<\/li><li>POP3, the e-mail centric \u201cpost office protocol\u201d uses <strong>port 110<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Port 119<\/strong> is used by the news transfer protocol, NNTP<\/li><li>The network time protocol, NTP, uses <strong>port 123<\/strong><\/li><li>IMAP, another email protocol, makes use of <strong>port 143<\/strong> to retrieve email messages<\/li><li>SNP or the simple network management protocol uses <strong>port 161<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Port 194<\/strong> is dedicated to IRC, the internet relay chat app<\/li><li><strong>Port 443<\/strong> is dedicated to HTTPS, the secure version of HTTP delivered over TLS\/SSL<\/li><li>SMTP, the simple mail transfer protocol, uses <strong>port 587 <\/strong>to submit emails<\/li><\/ul><p>It\u00b4s often possible to configure a specific service to use a port that is not the standard port, but this configuration needs to be made on both the sender and recipient side \u2013 in other words, on both client and server. Otherwise, if only one side uses a non-standard port configuration, communication won\u2019t be possible.<\/p><p>How do you get a simple list of common open ports? Use this command:<\/p><p><code>$ cat \/etc\/services<\/code><\/p><p>Alternatively, you can modify the size of the list you get by adding \u201cless\u201d to your command<\/p><p><code>$ cat \/etc\/services | less<\/code><\/p><p>However, you can use a range of other commands on a Linux machine which will give you all the TCP and the UDP ports that are open and ready to receive communication from other machines. We will cover three in the following section \u2013 Isof, netstat and nmap.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/plesk360\/?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=organic&amp;utm_campaign=plesk360_trafficdrivers_v1\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-143721\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn1.plesk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/02123503\/Plesk360_750x250_V1.png\" alt=\"Server Management &amp; Monitoring\" width=\"750\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn1.plesk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/02123503\/Plesk360_750x250_V1.png 750w, https:\/\/cdn1.plesk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/02123503\/Plesk360_750x250_V1-300x100.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0d4ea3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0d4ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>The netstat or network statistics command<\/h2><p>Most Linux distributions will include netstat by default in their installations. It\u2019s a really capable tool which can display all the TCP\/IDP network connections that are active \u2013 both for incoming connections and for outgoing connections. It also displays routing tables, plus the number of the network interface alongside comprehensive statistics for network protocols.<\/p><p>So, you can use netstat to troubleshoot and to measure the performance of your network. While basic, it\u00b4s a useful and essential too for finding faults in network services. It clearly tells you which ports are open, and where a program or service is listening on a specific port. We will now give you some examples on how to make use of netstat.<\/p><h3>Retrieving a list of all TCP and UDP ports which are currently listening<\/h3><p>It\u2019s really simple: all you need to do is use the -a flag alongside a pipe that specifies less, this will give you TCP and UDP ports that are currently listening<\/p><p><code>$ netstat -a | less<\/code><\/p><h3>To list all the connections that are listening<\/h3><p>Make use of the -l flag in the netstat command to get a list of every port connection that is actively listening<\/p><p><code>$ netstat -l<\/code><\/p><h3>Display ports that are open, alongside current TCP connections<\/h3><p>Here, we combine a couple of flags to show a list of ports that are open and the established (TCP) connections.<\/p><p><code>$ netstat -vatn<\/code><\/p><h3>A list of open UDP ports<\/h3><p>You might only want to see the UDP ports that are open, excluding the open TCP ports. The command you need is this:<\/p><p><code>$ netstat -vaun<\/code><\/p><h3>Get a list of your Linux services that are listening on TCP and UDP, a list of the open ports on your machine that are free, alongside the name and the PID of the service or program<\/h3><p>This command gives you all the services and apps that listen on either TCP or UDP. It also gives you the open ports on your Linux instance that are free, plus the program name and process ID that is associated with every open socket.<\/p><p><code>$ netstat -tnlup<\/code><\/p><p>So you can see how the different commands you can use with netstat make it very versatile, allowing you to see what the status quo is on your Linux machine. But what exactly do these individual flags mean? It\u2019s simple really:<\/p><ul><li>-a will show all sockets that are listening and all non-listening sockets too<\/li><li>-l only shows ports that are actively listening<\/li><li>-v means \u201cverbose\u201d and tells netstat to include additional information about any address families that are not currently configured<\/li><li>-t restricts the listing to TCP connections only<\/li><li>-u restricts the listing to UDP connections only<\/li><li>-n tells netstat to display the numerical addresses too<\/li><li>-p adds the process ID (PID) as well as the name of the program<\/li><\/ul><p>Keep in mind that the seven flags we\u2019ve shown above are just a couple of the many flags you can specify for netstat. Check out the help file by triggering<\/p><p><code>$ man netstat<\/code><\/p><p>You\u2019ll get a full listing of all the options and features you can use with netstat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4abf33b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4abf33b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>nmap \u2013 the Network Mapper command<\/h2><p>An open source tool, nmap is great for exploring your network, scanning it for security vulnerabilities and to audit your network. That said, new users might find nmap challenging to use because it\u00b4s so feature-rich: nmap comes with so many options that you might find it difficult to figure out, even if it does mean it is a very robust tool.<\/p><p>It\u2019s worth remembering that nmap will deliver very extensive information about the network that it is scanning. So, do not use nmap on a network unless you have permission to examine it \u2013 permission to scan it. You need to have a reason to use nmap, in other words, and the permission of the network owner.<\/p><p>We will now give you a basic overview of nmap including typical usage of the map command. To start off with, here is the instructions you need to install nmap if you have Ubuntu or Debian server:<\/p><p><code>$ sudo apt-get install nmap<\/code><\/p><p>The command is slightly different if you\u2019re using RHEL or CentOS:<\/p><p><code>$ sudo yum install nmap<\/code><\/p><p>There\u2019s a file you can view for a wider picture of ports and services. Use this command:<\/p><p><code>$ less \/usr\/share\/nmap\/nmap-services<\/code><\/p><p>It\u2019s an example of exactly how extensive the details are when you use nmap as a tool. If you want to experiment with nmap you could try to check out your own virtual private server, but you could also give nmap a go on the official nmap test server \u2013 located at scanme.nmap.org.<\/p><p>To try out some basic nmap commands we will make use of sudo privileges to ensure that the queries give complete results \u2013 not partial results. Remember, some nmap commands will take a little bit longer to execute.<\/p><p>Throughout these examples we will make use of mywebsite.com as the example domain; replace your actual domain in place of mywebsite.com when you run this command.<\/p><h3>Scanning for open ports on a domain<\/h3><p><code>$ sudo nmap -vv mywebsite.com<\/code><\/p><p>Here you can see we have used the -vv flag, which has a specific function. When you use -vv it means \u201cverbose\u201d, in other words, it will show you extensive output, including the process as nmap scans for open ports. Leave out the -vv flag and you will quickly see the difference.<\/p><h3>List of ports that are listening for connections via TCP<\/h3><p><code>$ sudo nmap -sT mywebsite.com<\/code><\/p><p>You\u2019ll note the -sT flag, this is usually what you\u2019d specify to scan for TCP connections when a SYN scan cannot be performed.<\/p><h3>List of ports that are listening for connections via UDP<\/h3><p><code>$ sudo nmap -sU mywebsite.com<\/code><\/p><p>So, -sU is what you use to get a UDP scan. However, you can scan for both UDP and TCP connections by using another flag, -sS. You\u2019ll get a list covering both UDP and TCP.<\/p><h3>Look at a specific port (instead of all ports)<\/h3><p><code>$ sudo nmap -p port_number mywebsite.com<\/code><\/p><p>In this case, -p means that you only look at the port number specified in place of \u201cport_number\u201d.<\/p><h3>Scan every open port on both TCP and UDP<\/h3><p><code>$ sudo nmap -n -Pn -sT -sU -p- mywebsite.com<\/code><\/p><p>We use two flags here: first -n which specified to nmap that it must not make a reverse domain resolution for an active IP address, where it finds one. -Pn disables pinging, treating all of the hosts as if they are online.<\/p><p>It\u2019s just a few examples but nmap is a fantastic tool that can help you a lot. Remember, typing $ man nmap will give you a full list of all the tools at your disposal; many of these are very useful for exploring the security of your network and finding potentially vulnerable points.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92cb2796 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92cb2796\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>The lsof (List Open Files) command<\/h2><p>It\u2019s easy to remember what lsof means \u2013 the list open files command \u2013 just take ls as \u201clist\u201d and of as \u201copen files\u201d and you\u2019ll clearly see why lsof means \u201clist open files\u201d.<\/p><h3>Listing all active network connections<\/h3><p>Use the -i flag with lsof in order to get a full list of every network connection which is both listening and established.<\/p><p><code>$ sudo lsof -i<\/code><\/p><h3><strong>Find a process that is using a specified port<\/strong><\/h3><p>As an example, for all processes which are currently operating on port 22, you\u2019ll run this command:<\/p><p><code>$ sudo lsof -i TCP:22<\/code><\/p><h3>Get a list of all the UDP and TCP connections<\/h3><p>To list every single UDP and TCP connection just use this command:<\/p><p><code>$ sudo lsof -i tcp; sudo lsof -i udp;<\/code><\/p><p>Just like with nmap, you can check the manual for lsof in order to get a full view of all the options you have when you are using lsof.<\/p><h2>Conclusion<\/h2><p>Understanding ports in Linux is important for managing servers effectively. Throughout this guide, we&#8217;ve talked about different types of ports and introduced tools like netstat, nmap, and lsof to help you keep an eye on them. These tools help you see which ports are open and what services are running on your server.<\/p><p>Remember, it&#8217;s important to use these tools responsibly and not to scan networks without permission.<\/p><p>In summary, learning about ports and using tools like netstat, nmap, and lsof can make managing your Linux server easier and safer. Explore more about these tools to enhance your skills, but always remember to use them ethically.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you wanted to know what you need to do to list all of the open ports within your Linux environment you\u2019ve come to the right place. But first, let&#8217;s demystify the concept of ports and grasp why it&#8217;s crucial to maintain a comprehensive list of these access points. In essence, a port serves as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":41457,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7138],"tags":[50,9010,9470],"coauthors":[12712],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.7 (Yoast SEO v22.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Easy Steps to List All Open Linux Ports - Plesk Tips<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Knowing which ports are open in Linux is important \u2013 both for security, and to ensure that services are available. Read this article to see how to list open Linux ports\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/blog\/various\/open-ports-in-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elvis Plesky\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/blog\/various\/open-ports-in-linux\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/blog\/various\/open-ports-in-linux\/\",\"name\":\"Easy Steps to List All Open Linux Ports - Plesk Tips\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/blog\/various\/open-ports-in-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/blog\/various\/open-ports-in-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn1.plesk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/02114557\/openlinuxports-header-blog_1920x400.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-26T09:00:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-29T13:48:24+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.plesk.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64acc004472c57a809a39950e0f10153\"},\"description\":\"Knowing which ports are open in Linux is important \u2013 both for security, and to ensure that services are available. 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